These iodine compound crystallizes very small, so in practical applications has been greatly restricted , Dr. Herapath spent nearly a decade to study how to make a larger polarized crystals , but he did not succeed . Therefore, rand that this road may not be feasible , Coding
System lcd module so he used the following methods:
● Rand grinding the crystals large particles (ball mill) into tiny crystals and that these small crystals suspended in the liquid.
● Insert a plastic sheet into the suspension , then placed in a magnetic field or electric field orientation .
● this plastic film is removed from the suspension , the crystal will be polarized with cover on the surface of the plastic sheet .
● plastic sheet to stay in this magnetic or electric field, drying becomes a polarizing film .
Rand is a polarization many small crystals , a regular arrangement of well , which is equivalent to a large polarizing crystals. He applied the method described above ,128x64
oled in 1928, made the first successful advent of the polarizing film , J film. The disadvantage of this method is time consuming , costly and fuzzy opaque. It has been found that the manufacturing polarizing Rand several important factors: ( 1 ) iodide ( 2 ) Polymer ( 3 ) Orientation (Orientation). Through continuous research and improvement , Rand finally in 1938 to the present invention, a method of manufacturing is still in use , the basic principle will be discussed in the next section .
000
2013年8月28日星期三
The basic principle of the liquid crystal display polarizing
Polarizing the basic principles of the polarizing film
Most of the people are still unfamiliar with this term instead of polarizing film is very clear, so in this first on the side of the phenomenon and the basic principles aurora slightly instructions.
Polarized
Human understanding of light can be divided into the following four key sequence phases:
1 seventeenth century , Newton first began to do a systematic study of light , he found that the so-called white (White Light) is determined by all of the shade (Colored Light) mixture. In order to explain this phenomenon, there are many different theories derived .
(2) the early nineteenth century ,lcm module Young (Thomas Young) using the wave theory explains the success of the majority of optical phenomena such as reflection , refraction and diffraction , etc.
3.1873 years , Maxwell found that light waves are electromagnetic waves, radio waves and magnetic wave in which it is inseparable interdependence of the electric field (E), magnetic field (H) and the direction of electromagnetic waves (k) These three are perpendicular to each other was relationship
4 early twentieth century, Einstein found the energy to use the particle theory of light can be explained , and thus derive quantum mechanics . In other words , the light has both wave and particle two characteristics .
Manufacture of polarized
In general, the method of manufacture is polarized by the following three steps:
1 Manufactured ordinary non- polarized light .
(2) decomposition of this non- polarized light into two mutually perpendicular linear polarized light .
3 Discard a polarized ,lcd module apply another one polarized .
Non- polarized light can be decomposed into two polarized light , and one drop of instruments called polarizer (Polarizer), the polarizer can be used such as absorption , reflection, refraction , diffraction and other optical effects to produce polarized light .
Most of the people are still unfamiliar with this term instead of polarizing film is very clear, so in this first on the side of the phenomenon and the basic principles aurora slightly instructions.
Polarized
Human understanding of light can be divided into the following four key sequence phases:
1 seventeenth century , Newton first began to do a systematic study of light , he found that the so-called white (White Light) is determined by all of the shade (Colored Light) mixture. In order to explain this phenomenon, there are many different theories derived .
(2) the early nineteenth century ,lcm module Young (Thomas Young) using the wave theory explains the success of the majority of optical phenomena such as reflection , refraction and diffraction , etc.
3.1873 years , Maxwell found that light waves are electromagnetic waves, radio waves and magnetic wave in which it is inseparable interdependence of the electric field (E), magnetic field (H) and the direction of electromagnetic waves (k) These three are perpendicular to each other was relationship
4 early twentieth century, Einstein found the energy to use the particle theory of light can be explained , and thus derive quantum mechanics . In other words , the light has both wave and particle two characteristics .
Manufacture of polarized
In general, the method of manufacture is polarized by the following three steps:
1 Manufactured ordinary non- polarized light .
(2) decomposition of this non- polarized light into two mutually perpendicular linear polarized light .
3 Discard a polarized ,lcd module apply another one polarized .
Non- polarized light can be decomposed into two polarized light , and one drop of instruments called polarizer (Polarizer), the polarizer can be used such as absorption , reflection, refraction , diffraction and other optical effects to produce polarized light .
2013年8月27日星期二
HTPS LCD Applications
HTPS applications are usually used as the display of amplified products. Such as LCD projectors, rear projection TV and so on. In general, the phone or the computer's TFT LCD
Module screen, are of direct-view, that is, the user can directly watch the screen and read the information. HTPS TFT Although he is one, but can not be directly used for other purposes phone or computer screen.
HTPS LCD applications can be divided into the following three: OHD (Over Head Display), Helmet and LV (Light Valve). Its main uses are described below:
OHD: head-up display, the image projected on the windshield (or transparent glass), used in the car or on the plane, and in many of them a glimpse into their combat film appearance;
Helmet: Here is specifically used in a virtual fantasy (Virtual Reality) helmet of imaging;
LV: can be translated into a light valve. When HTPS Serial Lcd Display Module projector in action, because of all the light will be through HTPS, by HTPS to determine the extent of penetration of light, so it is called "Light of the valve."
HTPS LCD applications can be divided into the following three: OHD (Over Head Display), Helmet and LV (Light Valve). Its main uses are described below:
OHD: head-up display, the image projected on the windshield (or transparent glass), used in the car or on the plane, and in many of them a glimpse into their combat film appearance;
Helmet: Here is specifically used in a virtual fantasy (Virtual Reality) helmet of imaging;
LV: can be translated into a light valve. When HTPS Serial Lcd Display Module projector in action, because of all the light will be through HTPS, by HTPS to determine the extent of penetration of light, so it is called "Light of the valve."
HTPS LCD panel technology overview
With the DVD laser disc player with the popularity of digital broadcasting systems, the number of high-resolution video sources is increasing, front projectors, large-screen HDTV LCD projection TVs, and other home projector market-driven digital projector market continues to expand. This growth also stimulate consumer public for three type LCD projector requirements. This article will provide the reader parse three type Character LCD
Modules projector in the HTPS LCD panel, and describes its characteristics.
With the rising demand for business presentations, and more recently, the market began to increase in the education projector applications, business projectors HTPS panels, the demand has continued to rise. Meanwhile, DVD video player with the popularity of digital broadcasting also inspired the customer for the home front projector (Front projectors) and large-screen lcm module projection TV (Large-screen projection TV) needs to grow rapidly.
HTPS LCD technology has long been led by three type LCD projection system forward projector market, while in the liquid crystal light valve (liquid-crystal light valve) manufacturer in order HTPS LCD technology-based three-in LCD projection system also has Nearly 55% of the global market share. This is due to more advanced LCD technology with a high aperture ratio in order to provide a good light efficiency, high brightness performance and rich color reproduction capability and would not harm the eyes or the environment, low-power HTPS products.
With the rising demand for business presentations, and more recently, the market began to increase in the education projector applications, business projectors HTPS panels, the demand has continued to rise. Meanwhile, DVD video player with the popularity of digital broadcasting also inspired the customer for the home front projector (Front projectors) and large-screen lcm module projection TV (Large-screen projection TV) needs to grow rapidly.
HTPS LCD technology has long been led by three type LCD projection system forward projector market, while in the liquid crystal light valve (liquid-crystal light valve) manufacturer in order HTPS LCD technology-based three-in LCD projection system also has Nearly 55% of the global market share. This is due to more advanced LCD technology with a high aperture ratio in order to provide a good light efficiency, high brightness performance and rich color reproduction capability and would not harm the eyes or the environment, low-power HTPS products.
2013年8月26日星期一
LCD and plasma are not perfect
View recently about LCD and plasma research data and market price information, almost all surprised us. Just 10 years ago, these products are out of reach, 42-inch plasma display panel reached a staggering price of $ 15,000, the application seems to be more than we actually need for the display. However, today's market growth rate is surprisingly amazing, this year, in a variety show, we can feel the size of many of the various models of COG LCD Module and plasma, while a wide variety of input configuration device (analog or digital), media servers, stand equipment, wall equipment, rack equipment and access Mike and other products also will be unveiled.
We all know, LCD and plasma TVs TV consumer market quickly developed into popular products are widely used in home bedrooms, even hanging on the kitchen wall. And LCD and plasma are also installed in the room showing a rapid upward trend, on-screen display is more commonly used in conference rooms or lounges.
As with other new technologies, lcd module and plasma constant development, there are also some problems: LCD pour point is very low; plasma appears stigma; plasma at high frequencies will produce noise; plasma for leaks; LCD display is also there will be imprinted; LCD can not display black.
We all know, LCD and plasma TVs TV consumer market quickly developed into popular products are widely used in home bedrooms, even hanging on the kitchen wall. And LCD and plasma are also installed in the room showing a rapid upward trend, on-screen display is more commonly used in conference rooms or lounges.
As with other new technologies, lcd module and plasma constant development, there are also some problems: LCD pour point is very low; plasma appears stigma; plasma at high frequencies will produce noise; plasma for leaks; LCD display is also there will be imprinted; LCD can not display black.
2013年8月25日星期日
lcd back lighting method
Electroluminescent (EL) back light thin lightweight body provides uniform light. Its low power consumption, the required operating voltage of 80 ~ 100Vac, provides the operating voltage of the inverter can be converted to 5/12/24Vdc input AC output.
As the EL back light of limited life (at 50% brightness average life under the conditions of 3000 to 5000 hours in the life of a higher brightness level will be greatly shortened), so the ideal inverter for EL back light allows the output voltage and frequency with increasing aging of the EL lamp, and thus the rear extension of the EL display of the effective light source life.
EL back light for like a watch, a digital desktop clock and monochrome PDA, etc. require extremely faint illumination so dimly lit or dark conditions using a small reflective LCD applications, it is more suitable. However, low efficiency, low brightness, and its use in short-life such as a laptop computer and a desktop flat panel monitors such as requirements of large transmissive graphic lcd modules backlighting applications.
LED back light EL longer than the life (over 5000 hours), and a DC voltage, typically used in small monochrome display, such as front cellular phone, remote control, microwave, stereo audio equipment. However, the brightness is not enough to provide for large transflective display with back light.
Small cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) are provided for large OLED Display Module desired brightness and life (as well as lighting control capacity), which it is still the most common method of backlighting causes. However, the heat accumulation is a matter of concern.
Rear light assembly from the past with relatively moderate power levels driven one or two CCFL increased to 30W or 60W of power for up to 12 (or 16) Root lamps. As in a relatively small space with so much power used, so heat accumulation makes the back of the monitor light source assembly of all the elements are in most of the early application of the LCD module not occur on the force level. Moreover, electrical efficiency and lighting control capabilities are also close to the limit.
As the EL back light of limited life (at 50% brightness average life under the conditions of 3000 to 5000 hours in the life of a higher brightness level will be greatly shortened), so the ideal inverter for EL back light allows the output voltage and frequency with increasing aging of the EL lamp, and thus the rear extension of the EL display of the effective light source life.
EL back light for like a watch, a digital desktop clock and monochrome PDA, etc. require extremely faint illumination so dimly lit or dark conditions using a small reflective LCD applications, it is more suitable. However, low efficiency, low brightness, and its use in short-life such as a laptop computer and a desktop flat panel monitors such as requirements of large transmissive graphic lcd modules backlighting applications.
LED back light EL longer than the life (over 5000 hours), and a DC voltage, typically used in small monochrome display, such as front cellular phone, remote control, microwave, stereo audio equipment. However, the brightness is not enough to provide for large transflective display with back light.
Small cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) are provided for large OLED Display Module desired brightness and life (as well as lighting control capacity), which it is still the most common method of backlighting causes. However, the heat accumulation is a matter of concern.
Rear light assembly from the past with relatively moderate power levels driven one or two CCFL increased to 30W or 60W of power for up to 12 (or 16) Root lamps. As in a relatively small space with so much power used, so heat accumulation makes the back of the monitor light source assembly of all the elements are in most of the early application of the LCD module not occur on the force level. Moreover, electrical efficiency and lighting control capabilities are also close to the limit.
2013年8月24日星期六
Response time of the LCD market competition
LCD monitor for now ordinary consumers already not a strange term, and with the growing market demand, consumer demand for LCD monitors is unprecedented high level of concern. It is with a "no radiation, no flicker, low power consumption," the environmental concept of a display device is now mainstream of development, especially 17 inches is exceptionally compelling products, which were a very important reason is that the price record lows.
Response time for LCD important technical indicators
As the price of approachable, LCD monitors are now as many consumers choose one of the objects, and as LCD monitors become mainstream, consumers have a single price of this small space to jump out, eyes locked on the LCD important technical aspects, the most prominent point is the response time of liquid crystal displays, it also became the focus of manufacturers and media publicity.
From the current LCD technology development perspective, shorten the reaction time, improve reaction speed, become the dominant direction of the liquid crystal development. The original has been plagued by fatal LCD response time is also a qualitative leap in nearly two years, a longer response time LCD display on the display, when the object moves quickly appear "smear" phenomenon, which makes Some gamers extremely uncomfortable. To overcome this limitation, now on the market can continue to see the latest and fastest LCD market, a single crystal from the response time of the important details of the performance point of view, the manufacturers for its improvement is obvious from the original 60m s, 50m s, 25m s times to the present 12m s, 8m s has become the market mainstream, the pursuit of a shorter response time vendors and users have always been trying to pursue the limit.
Gray response time to become a new selling point products
Because people's constant pursuit of LCD screen, from last year, a new concept --- "gray response time" frequently mentioned by the maker, it makes use of LCD response time, such as meter race records, time and again to be refreshed, to create a new history, and the original concept of mini lcd module response time to give a new definition.
Original response time, generally refers to a black screen from the white screen sum of the time required for conversion, in a real application environment, pure black and white screen and rare, actual use More to the transition between different gray levels, which is most of the time because the LCD display screen to be displayed in color, and the color picture is a combination of the three primary colors RGB, the three colors according to the different scale display color. RGB color sub-pixels according to the different colors, there will be changes in different shades, so that the change process is called "gray." The above mentioned maker gray response time, which is GTG (GreyToGrey), refers to the process of transformation between different gray levels mean, this parameter can be more truly reflect the performance of a single monitor, it subverts traditional response time is calculated on the improvement of smear achieve a qualitative leap in LCD technology to become a new bright spot. However, it is noted that, due to changing the speed between different gray are not equal, so gray response time is only a statistical average, is not a uniform time.
Gray response time to fully reflect the multi-color LCD to switch the authenticity of the energy use in the technical advantages, grayscale Low Temperature Displayproducts for the control of smear more in place, the human eye can see the screen smear phenomenon minimize the situation to ensure that the motion picture clarity and stability. We have reason to believe that, by virtue of the above-mentioned technical advantages, it is bound to gradually replace the traditional black and white switching response time LCD products.
Response time for LCD important technical indicators
As the price of approachable, LCD monitors are now as many consumers choose one of the objects, and as LCD monitors become mainstream, consumers have a single price of this small space to jump out, eyes locked on the LCD important technical aspects, the most prominent point is the response time of liquid crystal displays, it also became the focus of manufacturers and media publicity.
From the current LCD technology development perspective, shorten the reaction time, improve reaction speed, become the dominant direction of the liquid crystal development. The original has been plagued by fatal LCD response time is also a qualitative leap in nearly two years, a longer response time LCD display on the display, when the object moves quickly appear "smear" phenomenon, which makes Some gamers extremely uncomfortable. To overcome this limitation, now on the market can continue to see the latest and fastest LCD market, a single crystal from the response time of the important details of the performance point of view, the manufacturers for its improvement is obvious from the original 60m s, 50m s, 25m s times to the present 12m s, 8m s has become the market mainstream, the pursuit of a shorter response time vendors and users have always been trying to pursue the limit.
Gray response time to become a new selling point products
Because people's constant pursuit of LCD screen, from last year, a new concept --- "gray response time" frequently mentioned by the maker, it makes use of LCD response time, such as meter race records, time and again to be refreshed, to create a new history, and the original concept of mini lcd module response time to give a new definition.
Original response time, generally refers to a black screen from the white screen sum of the time required for conversion, in a real application environment, pure black and white screen and rare, actual use More to the transition between different gray levels, which is most of the time because the LCD display screen to be displayed in color, and the color picture is a combination of the three primary colors RGB, the three colors according to the different scale display color. RGB color sub-pixels according to the different colors, there will be changes in different shades, so that the change process is called "gray." The above mentioned maker gray response time, which is GTG (GreyToGrey), refers to the process of transformation between different gray levels mean, this parameter can be more truly reflect the performance of a single monitor, it subverts traditional response time is calculated on the improvement of smear achieve a qualitative leap in LCD technology to become a new bright spot. However, it is noted that, due to changing the speed between different gray are not equal, so gray response time is only a statistical average, is not a uniform time.
Gray response time to fully reflect the multi-color LCD to switch the authenticity of the energy use in the technical advantages, grayscale Low Temperature Displayproducts for the control of smear more in place, the human eye can see the screen smear phenomenon minimize the situation to ensure that the motion picture clarity and stability. We have reason to believe that, by virtue of the above-mentioned technical advantages, it is bound to gradually replace the traditional black and white switching response time LCD products.
2013年8月23日星期五
LCD technology leap era was fine
Liquid crystal is found to have a hundred years of history, but since it is used in display technology since it brought out enormous vitality. TFT LCD
Display (Liquid Crystal Display) is the use of imaging of physical properties of liquid crystal to achieve. The imaging principle to restore the LCD monitor has a precise picture of the screen easy to adjust, the display does not flash, low radiation, and many other advantages, but there is also the response time, viewing angle, color performance, brightness, and contrast and other five major defects, has been a stumbling block to restrict LCD popularity.
With the development of LCD technology, Lcd display modules performance and manufacturing processes has been a qualitative leap, these stumbling blocks eleven were kicked: 2005, BenQ starting the world's first gray 4ms LCD monitor on the market 8ms, 12ms has become mainstream , declared had been plagued smear, blur phenomena become historical issues; in the brightness and contrast, Samsung's 12 big magic skills can be achieved on the brightness, contrast, color, display mode and a series of adjustment, AOC and Philips six Large Xpress technology and "four smart technology" can also be very convenient adjustment was carried out in this regard; As the viewing angle, the main direction of attack tip locked in panel technology, currently used mainly PVA, IPS, MVA wide viewing angle technology, etc. has a very significant effect, horizontal and vertical directions can get close to the 170-degree viewing angle.
As a tool for man-machine dialogue, the display of the most important was undoubtedly its high-quality display, to provide users with real natural visual experience, despite the LCD in other technical areas in recent years continue to make breakthroughs, but the colors in the image and reducing power expressive force has been stuck. Especially with the liquid crystal display applications continue to extend, people are no longer satisfied with the character, simple display images, and more are used in movies, games and other multimedia entertainment, the image color reproduction and levels of performance made very high demand. Undoubtedly, LCD still need to improve in this regard.
With the development of LCD technology, Lcd display modules performance and manufacturing processes has been a qualitative leap, these stumbling blocks eleven were kicked: 2005, BenQ starting the world's first gray 4ms LCD monitor on the market 8ms, 12ms has become mainstream , declared had been plagued smear, blur phenomena become historical issues; in the brightness and contrast, Samsung's 12 big magic skills can be achieved on the brightness, contrast, color, display mode and a series of adjustment, AOC and Philips six Large Xpress technology and "four smart technology" can also be very convenient adjustment was carried out in this regard; As the viewing angle, the main direction of attack tip locked in panel technology, currently used mainly PVA, IPS, MVA wide viewing angle technology, etc. has a very significant effect, horizontal and vertical directions can get close to the 170-degree viewing angle.
As a tool for man-machine dialogue, the display of the most important was undoubtedly its high-quality display, to provide users with real natural visual experience, despite the LCD in other technical areas in recent years continue to make breakthroughs, but the colors in the image and reducing power expressive force has been stuck. Especially with the liquid crystal display applications continue to extend, people are no longer satisfied with the character, simple display images, and more are used in movies, games and other multimedia entertainment, the image color reproduction and levels of performance made very high demand. Undoubtedly, LCD still need to improve in this regard.
PDP applications
PDP will remain mainly used in office automation equipment in the field, but also in the personal computer field has a place. From the PDP's excellent display quality and performance considerations, it can be said is the most suitable field of office automation market.Character
OLED Display From the current laptop and handheld personal computer application point of view, PDP likely to develop in these areas, because of their thin and light low power consumption, is available for notebook computers. Further improve the clarity of the PDP and increase capacity, the workstation will field its victory over other types of flat panel displays of the best fields. Colorization in its implementation and to further improve display quality after a remarkable skill. As for the industrial equipment, instrumentation, public information displays and ticket machines and other fields, can certainly make use of the advantages of the PDP easy resolution, but the market is not great.
PDP has been used sale terminals (POS), the bank teller terminals and outdoor display. The newly developed high-capacity PDP has been in extensive use in OA equipment, and the application prospect. Currently various Japanese manufacturers produce the PDP, which dot size of 0.2mm, lcm module light colors are mostly bright orange color gamut close to CRT. Because PDP is self-luminous, so clear display. Its current application, including the main fault is the display driver circuit including price is still too high. Japan recently Fujitsu, Matsushita Electric Company has changed its color PDP push commercialization. Fujitsu's newly manufactured color PDP as an alternative to using helium neon gas discharge discharge, so that emit ultraviolet light emission to excite the fluorescent material, the effect is quite good. Matsushita Electronics Corporation recently developed into a green and amber monochrome PDP, its success trick is able to control filling gas composition, its green hue can be comparable with the CRT.
PDP has been used sale terminals (POS), the bank teller terminals and outdoor display. The newly developed high-capacity PDP has been in extensive use in OA equipment, and the application prospect. Currently various Japanese manufacturers produce the PDP, which dot size of 0.2mm, lcm module light colors are mostly bright orange color gamut close to CRT. Because PDP is self-luminous, so clear display. Its current application, including the main fault is the display driver circuit including price is still too high. Japan recently Fujitsu, Matsushita Electric Company has changed its color PDP push commercialization. Fujitsu's newly manufactured color PDP as an alternative to using helium neon gas discharge discharge, so that emit ultraviolet light emission to excite the fluorescent material, the effect is quite good. Matsushita Electronics Corporation recently developed into a green and amber monochrome PDP, its success trick is able to control filling gas composition, its green hue can be comparable with the CRT.
2013年8月22日星期四
Technical features color PDP
Bright and easy to see, good contrast, thin and light, large screen, fast response, wide viewing angle, multi-level gray scale, high reliability, and can achieve full-color display. Wide viewing angle is large-screen wall-mounted TV and HDTV will be exhausted one of the conditions. The use of mixed rare gas discharge generated pose outside RGB trichromatic phosphor excitation, and using time-modulation (pulse number modulation) grayscale technology, up to 256 and 16.77 million colors, COG LCD Display obtained with the CRT as wide color gamut, with good color reproduction, PDP screen brightness is uniform, no bright and dark areas of the points, the image does not appear to take the geometric transformation and color shift phenomenon, there is no focus problems, less susceptible to external magnetic fields, with better environmental adaptability, with a very steep or value characteristic, suitable for time-division multiplexing driver; has a memory effect, even if the increased display capacity, and it is easy to obtain high brightness display; structure and manufacturing process is simple, without such as TFT high precision, small investment, suitable modern mass production; has storage characteristics, high brightness, large screen, full-color, good contrast, making images clearer, more vivid colors, feel more comfortable viewing angle, showing the effect is more ideal; color reproduction is good, rich gradation can be more than 256, the color gamut is close to CRT.
A rapidly changing screen response speed, suitable for displaying animated images, and playback video signal; wide viewing angle, both horizontally and vertically upward angle up to 160 degrees, can provide exceptionally bright, uniform and smooth image and a larger viewing angle; small, light weight, thin, pure flat, long life, particularly for public information display, wall-mounted large-screen TV and automatic monitoring systems. Resistant ions emitted through an electrode base material, dielectric protective film phosphor long life, life of a PDP can hundreds of thousands of hours, and working life of the color PDP is usually up to 2-3 million hours, which is typical of the lcd module 25,000 hours lifetime value considerably, but far longer life projection tube. But there is also the inadequacies of PDP, such as thin glass substrate on the display, you can not put too much or too little pressure, but can not bear the weight. Each pixel on the display is a separate self-luminous, power consumption, the monitor must be installed on the backplane sets of fan for heat dissipation. In addition, PDP driving voltage is high, the price is also relatively high. As the manufacturing process and assembly technology improvements, the cost is declining, practicality is increasing, increasing the contrast in the display quality also improved.
A rapidly changing screen response speed, suitable for displaying animated images, and playback video signal; wide viewing angle, both horizontally and vertically upward angle up to 160 degrees, can provide exceptionally bright, uniform and smooth image and a larger viewing angle; small, light weight, thin, pure flat, long life, particularly for public information display, wall-mounted large-screen TV and automatic monitoring systems. Resistant ions emitted through an electrode base material, dielectric protective film phosphor long life, life of a PDP can hundreds of thousands of hours, and working life of the color PDP is usually up to 2-3 million hours, which is typical of the lcd module 25,000 hours lifetime value considerably, but far longer life projection tube. But there is also the inadequacies of PDP, such as thin glass substrate on the display, you can not put too much or too little pressure, but can not bear the weight. Each pixel on the display is a separate self-luminous, power consumption, the monitor must be installed on the backplane sets of fan for heat dissipation. In addition, PDP driving voltage is high, the price is also relatively high. As the manufacturing process and assembly technology improvements, the cost is declining, practicality is increasing, increasing the contrast in the display quality also improved.
2013年8月19日星期一
Cleanroom technical knowledge
First, it must be designed and built a clean room. Therefore, we must consider:
(A) design standards to be adopted;
(2) what do the design floorplan, using what materials;
(3) How to provide a variety of clean room facilities.
Secondly,lcm module the clean room has been installed and working, you must test whether it meets the design requirements. Cleanroom life should continue to be monitored period, in order to ensure that it remains up to the required design requirements.
Finally, the clean room must be properly run, so they are not the products manufactured contamination. This requires personnel and materials from admission to the choice of clothing, clean room requirements, clean room cleaning must be implemented correctly.
2, the origin of cleanroom
Early on, the first batch of cleanroom first appeared in the hospital. Labor was Liszt realized bacteria can cause surgical wound infections, mini lcd module and this is his historic contribution. He thought, should remove bacteria from the operating room to prevent infection. This is the number of cleanroom scientific theoretical basis.
Liszt in the 1880s used to kill bacteria hungry sterilizing agent (phenol), greatly reducing the Scottish city of Glasgow Royal Infirmary operating room infections. He phenol in surgical instruments, wound, hand surgeon and phenol spray in the air to prevent airborne infections.
(A) design standards to be adopted;
(2) what do the design floorplan, using what materials;
(3) How to provide a variety of clean room facilities.
Secondly,lcm module the clean room has been installed and working, you must test whether it meets the design requirements. Cleanroom life should continue to be monitored period, in order to ensure that it remains up to the required design requirements.
Finally, the clean room must be properly run, so they are not the products manufactured contamination. This requires personnel and materials from admission to the choice of clothing, clean room requirements, clean room cleaning must be implemented correctly.
2, the origin of cleanroom
Early on, the first batch of cleanroom first appeared in the hospital. Labor was Liszt realized bacteria can cause surgical wound infections, mini lcd module and this is his historic contribution. He thought, should remove bacteria from the operating room to prevent infection. This is the number of cleanroom scientific theoretical basis.
Liszt in the 1880s used to kill bacteria hungry sterilizing agent (phenol), greatly reducing the Scottish city of Glasgow Royal Infirmary operating room infections. He phenol in surgical instruments, wound, hand surgeon and phenol spray in the air to prevent airborne infections.
Leveling coatings technology
With the development of synthesis techniques, self-leveling coating production and application technology to get some development, as follows:
The emergence of self-leveling polyurethane coatings, polyurethane coatings taking into account the wear resistance,COG LCD Module good workmanship of the characteristics, some manufacturers began to develop a self-painted flat polyurethane-based coatings, the current has been applied to a number of small projects.
Matt self-leveling coating: consider some of the actual production and aesthetic needs, sometimes requires surface appears matt effect, the previous number of manufacturers in the construction or engineering company only through the brush at the surface of the pressing of the dry matte effect, so matte effect may lead to non-uniform,Graphic OLED Display and now some manufacturers through adjustment formula, developed a natural matte effect of self-leveling coatings, using this paint after construction, and no other process can get matte effect.
The emergence of self-leveling polyurethane coatings, polyurethane coatings taking into account the wear resistance,COG LCD Module good workmanship of the characteristics, some manufacturers began to develop a self-painted flat polyurethane-based coatings, the current has been applied to a number of small projects.
Matt self-leveling coating: consider some of the actual production and aesthetic needs, sometimes requires surface appears matt effect, the previous number of manufacturers in the construction or engineering company only through the brush at the surface of the pressing of the dry matte effect, so matte effect may lead to non-uniform,Graphic OLED Display and now some manufacturers through adjustment formula, developed a natural matte effect of self-leveling coatings, using this paint after construction, and no other process can get matte effect.
2013年8月18日星期日
Dehumidifier selection
Currently softgel drying technology are the following: ① tumble drying, ② ③ static crawler drying tray drying. Because the static tray drying technology has to ensure soft capsule surface gloss, no breakage, etc., after four or five years of practical experience relatively static tray drying technology is a trend. Only because the material drying air temperature, humidity, wind speed, its volatilization of the four relevant elements. As the soft capsules own factors, drying temperature is not too high, so in order to improve production efficiency, it had to reduce the air humidity, the drying chamber increases the number of ventilators aspects to find solutions.
To ensure the soft capsule drying chamber temperature, humidity, cleanliness, large number of ventilators, and in accordance with the GMP standard, we must create an artificial environment to meet the requirements of more than four parameters. Current domestic manufacturers of clean air in the drying chamber to ensure temperature, Character LCD Modules cleanliness, a large quantity of air without any problems, difficulty lies in humidity control in this regard. The humidity at 50 to 70%, in the summer air conditioning alone can solve, and soft capsules the best drying humidity is 20 to 30%, generally air-conditioning and compression refrigeration dehumidifier (belonging to the physical and mechanical dehumidification France) simply can not achieve this humidity requirements, to meet this requirement will have to rely on chemical desiccant. Now widely used chemical desiccant is lithium chloride / silica / zeolite dehumidifier. Since lithium chloride is highly corrosive, easily soluble in water, life is short and other shortcomings in foreign countries has been eliminated; while the domestic is now in a variety of reasons, some units are still used. Silicone (SilicaGel) Traditional Chinese word for the silicone, silicon chemical element silicon words of the old name instead of some manufacturers in the alleged sale of its unique, unique silicone. Silica gel desiccant wheel development in the country tends to be slow, has not yet mature, easy to fall off, moisture absorbent fiber paper is coated on the surface of the efficiency of its moisture is less than 20% of mature products internationally.OLED modules Silicone runner mature products imported into the wind parameters in ensuring the premise of 27-30 ℃, the unit volume of 6g/kg dry air dehumidification or so, and made only 2g/kg dry air dehumidification unit below. Molecular sieve desiccant wheel is suitable for air humidity usually requires a very low 1% -10% of occasions, such as cell phone lithium battery manufacturing, specialty plastics industries. Since molecular sieve desiccant wheel regeneration temperature is generally above 160 ℃, high energy consumption, high prices, so pharmaceutical companies in general should not be used.
To ensure the soft capsule drying chamber temperature, humidity, cleanliness, large number of ventilators, and in accordance with the GMP standard, we must create an artificial environment to meet the requirements of more than four parameters. Current domestic manufacturers of clean air in the drying chamber to ensure temperature, Character LCD Modules cleanliness, a large quantity of air without any problems, difficulty lies in humidity control in this regard. The humidity at 50 to 70%, in the summer air conditioning alone can solve, and soft capsules the best drying humidity is 20 to 30%, generally air-conditioning and compression refrigeration dehumidifier (belonging to the physical and mechanical dehumidification France) simply can not achieve this humidity requirements, to meet this requirement will have to rely on chemical desiccant. Now widely used chemical desiccant is lithium chloride / silica / zeolite dehumidifier. Since lithium chloride is highly corrosive, easily soluble in water, life is short and other shortcomings in foreign countries has been eliminated; while the domestic is now in a variety of reasons, some units are still used. Silicone (SilicaGel) Traditional Chinese word for the silicone, silicon chemical element silicon words of the old name instead of some manufacturers in the alleged sale of its unique, unique silicone. Silica gel desiccant wheel development in the country tends to be slow, has not yet mature, easy to fall off, moisture absorbent fiber paper is coated on the surface of the efficiency of its moisture is less than 20% of mature products internationally.OLED modules Silicone runner mature products imported into the wind parameters in ensuring the premise of 27-30 ℃, the unit volume of 6g/kg dry air dehumidification or so, and made only 2g/kg dry air dehumidification unit below. Molecular sieve desiccant wheel is suitable for air humidity usually requires a very low 1% -10% of occasions, such as cell phone lithium battery manufacturing, specialty plastics industries. Since molecular sieve desiccant wheel regeneration temperature is generally above 160 ℃, high energy consumption, high prices, so pharmaceutical companies in general should not be used.
Semiconductor production line building process and deal with the problem
Build a new plant means that the time, money and resources on the company's huge investment. The success of the entire company may depend on the new plant ROI (ROI). To achieve the maximization of ROI, need to be weighed against a number of factors, from the initial plant design to the later stages of the production volume.
Overall, factory planning and construction began in the general questions, and then the specific details. In the beginning, the designer must understand this plant will produce how many wafers per month, which is the number of dimensions of the wafer, and the use of what the design rules and process technology. However, the production capacity, wafer size and the best combination of technology depends on the plant began production of market conditions, but this time from the original factory planning often been a long time.
When to plant
From the construction of a factory on the amount needed to produce more than two years time. However, the technological leap about once every 18 months alone, semiconductor sales peak every 24 to 36 months once. For two years after the future, regardless of the technology roadshow or market forecasts are insufficient data. If the production of products whose technology has entered a recession, the financial position of the company will have disastrous consequences.
DRAM industry for production planning and famous. In general, when DRAM prices to remain stable for some time, or continued to rise and demand, there will be many factories mushroomed come up. The first batch of new factories to join the ranks of suppliers, resulting in an increase in sources of supply and lower prices; while the latter opened factories are facing more severe price competition. 1996 to 1997, the price of memory fell below the cost of its production, in 2001 re-emergence of this situation.
These huge financial risk warning people to take a relatively conservative investment programs. However,OLED Display investment in the expansion strategy of the company to maintain a positive growth in the demand for more rapid time to market the product up. Large production capacity DRAM suppliers can take advantage of market price fluctuations for their own profit. Contribute to higher value-added production capacity chip (such as microprocessors) suppliers from the price gain additional profits.
On the contrary, can not meet the demand for chip suppliers are likely to lose sight and future orders. And in turn, limit orders to reduce future capital expenditures and the Company's growth and development.
Technology continues to develop production capacity also makes the planning becomes more complex. More highly entrepreneurial design rules can be in a smaller package to achieve higher performance, and unit costs are generally lower. Higher performance can be obtained from the price of additional profits. For a technologically advanced facility, it is the first 18-month earnings situation best and can quickly earn back the initial investment stage. The use of relatively old technology factory price is not possible to earn extra profits. Moreover, compared with the more advanced plants, the cost of the disadvantages is a reality.
However, Lcd display modules the technological leap will also bring risks. The new manufacturing tools may not satisfy the requirements of program delivery, can not immediately meet the requirements of mass production or can not produce the desired process performance. Hysteresis loss will technically important market plant. The closer a company cutting edge of technology, the greater the risk technically. For many companies, alliances or joint ventures to help reduce business and technical risks.
Overall, factory planning and construction began in the general questions, and then the specific details. In the beginning, the designer must understand this plant will produce how many wafers per month, which is the number of dimensions of the wafer, and the use of what the design rules and process technology. However, the production capacity, wafer size and the best combination of technology depends on the plant began production of market conditions, but this time from the original factory planning often been a long time.
When to plant
From the construction of a factory on the amount needed to produce more than two years time. However, the technological leap about once every 18 months alone, semiconductor sales peak every 24 to 36 months once. For two years after the future, regardless of the technology roadshow or market forecasts are insufficient data. If the production of products whose technology has entered a recession, the financial position of the company will have disastrous consequences.
DRAM industry for production planning and famous. In general, when DRAM prices to remain stable for some time, or continued to rise and demand, there will be many factories mushroomed come up. The first batch of new factories to join the ranks of suppliers, resulting in an increase in sources of supply and lower prices; while the latter opened factories are facing more severe price competition. 1996 to 1997, the price of memory fell below the cost of its production, in 2001 re-emergence of this situation.
These huge financial risk warning people to take a relatively conservative investment programs. However,OLED Display investment in the expansion strategy of the company to maintain a positive growth in the demand for more rapid time to market the product up. Large production capacity DRAM suppliers can take advantage of market price fluctuations for their own profit. Contribute to higher value-added production capacity chip (such as microprocessors) suppliers from the price gain additional profits.
On the contrary, can not meet the demand for chip suppliers are likely to lose sight and future orders. And in turn, limit orders to reduce future capital expenditures and the Company's growth and development.
Technology continues to develop production capacity also makes the planning becomes more complex. More highly entrepreneurial design rules can be in a smaller package to achieve higher performance, and unit costs are generally lower. Higher performance can be obtained from the price of additional profits. For a technologically advanced facility, it is the first 18-month earnings situation best and can quickly earn back the initial investment stage. The use of relatively old technology factory price is not possible to earn extra profits. Moreover, compared with the more advanced plants, the cost of the disadvantages is a reality.
However, Lcd display modules the technological leap will also bring risks. The new manufacturing tools may not satisfy the requirements of program delivery, can not immediately meet the requirements of mass production or can not produce the desired process performance. Hysteresis loss will technically important market plant. The closer a company cutting edge of technology, the greater the risk technically. For many companies, alliances or joint ventures to help reduce business and technical risks.
2013年8月17日星期六
Plastic antistatic agent profile
Plastics are widely used in modern society, polymer composite materials, it has a high surface resistivity (25 ℃, RH60%, resistance 1017Ω). Therefore, when the friction charged, the static electricity easily removed and retained by the conductive surface of the plastic. Since the presence of static electricity, not only affects the appearance of plastic products (cleaning, etc.), but the main thing is the impact of the manufacture and use of plastics. To this end, plastic anti-static agent, its role is to reduce the plastic surface and the surface resistivity polymer charge density, so as to achieve the purpose of electrostatic hazards released. In general, the resistance of the plastic is very large, it is charged by friction or contact with, easy to trigger a variety of electrostatic effects, such as discharge, shock, dust and damage absorption appearance, IC short circuit. In order to avoid this effect are generally used antistatic agent.
Typically, in order to prevent generation of static electricity plastics, the following methods are mostly used,Character LCD Display one normal humidity environment to maintain and use, suitable for addition to the motor; the second is applied to the surface of plastic low-molecular type antistatic agent; Third, the use of carbon , filtered and the permanent conductive antistatic agent; Fourth, in the conductive polymer material to improve its molecular structure. In addition to using the plastic antistatic agents, but also used in the fiber, paper, paints, inks, petroleum products, etc. These products are often static adhesion of stains situation.
From the comparison of various anti-static technology point of view, in addition to static physical means, material characteristics are not changed, but the equipment expensive, can only be applied in some shapes; for product surface treatment method is simple, but the lack of durability; conductive paint coating, can be used in complex shapes, 240x64 lcd module and is applicable to a wide range of materials, equipment, costs less, but the price is high, the risk of peeling, and uniform coated film is difficult; metallised there are no partial peeling, but Application materials are limited and costly equipment, resulting in environmental pollution problems.
Within the method of adding an antistatic agent, a surfactant (low molecular weight antistatic agent), cheap, easy to operate, easy to change but the material surface characteristics, friction, easily washed off, and is not colored; add permanent antistatic agent (hydrophilic polymer), electrical conductivity, good stability, but the price is high, the added amount is greater, and will be subject to the physical properties of plastics.
Typically, in order to prevent generation of static electricity plastics, the following methods are mostly used,Character LCD Display one normal humidity environment to maintain and use, suitable for addition to the motor; the second is applied to the surface of plastic low-molecular type antistatic agent; Third, the use of carbon , filtered and the permanent conductive antistatic agent; Fourth, in the conductive polymer material to improve its molecular structure. In addition to using the plastic antistatic agents, but also used in the fiber, paper, paints, inks, petroleum products, etc. These products are often static adhesion of stains situation.
From the comparison of various anti-static technology point of view, in addition to static physical means, material characteristics are not changed, but the equipment expensive, can only be applied in some shapes; for product surface treatment method is simple, but the lack of durability; conductive paint coating, can be used in complex shapes, 240x64 lcd module and is applicable to a wide range of materials, equipment, costs less, but the price is high, the risk of peeling, and uniform coated film is difficult; metallised there are no partial peeling, but Application materials are limited and costly equipment, resulting in environmental pollution problems.
Within the method of adding an antistatic agent, a surfactant (low molecular weight antistatic agent), cheap, easy to operate, easy to change but the material surface characteristics, friction, easily washed off, and is not colored; add permanent antistatic agent (hydrophilic polymer), electrical conductivity, good stability, but the price is high, the added amount is greater, and will be subject to the physical properties of plastics.
Organic light-emitting device industry status
(A) the status of the overall industrial organic light-emitting element analysis technology development, causing global R & D craze, it is understood outside world except Taiwan and mainland China, there are 66 companies to invest in developing, together with Taiwan and China manufacturers claim to put Number of development, a total of more than 70 over the distribution situation, the most warm regions of Japan, mini lcd
module there are 41 companies in R & D, such as Pioneer, Idemitsu Kosan, Sony, Sanyo, etc., the Americas region has 13 companies in R & D, such as Kodak, IBM, HP, Motorola, etc., in Europe there are 10 companies in R & D, such as CDT, Philips, Bayer, etc., South Korea two large companies invest, LG and Samsung. Taiwan and the mainland are also many companies now actively involved, this year is already in production Ritek organic light-emitting component products, manufacturers are investing there are Delta, Sheng Yang, Han Kuang, National League, Opto so on.
(2) Recent major vendors current development on the current international organic light-emitting technology is roughly the dividing line between the Japanese manufacturers more oriented toward OLED Module, European countries tend PLED, U.S. vendors are participating in the two technologies.
(2) Recent major vendors current development on the current international organic light-emitting technology is roughly the dividing line between the Japanese manufacturers more oriented toward OLED Module, European countries tend PLED, U.S. vendors are participating in the two technologies.
2013年8月15日星期四
Prevent static method
This article describes, in order to effectively combat and prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD, electrostatic discharge), must be the right way to use the correct equipment. As a series of strong loop ESD prevention, monitoring and ion devices can now ESD as a process control problem.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the electronic circuit board assembly and damage to components of a familiar source of underestimation. It affects every manufacturer, without any of its size. While many people think they are in an ESD safe environment to produce products, but in fact, ESD-related damage continues to bring the world's electronics manufacturing industry costs billions of dollars each year.
What is ESD? Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is defined as, to or from the original has been static (fixed) charge (electron deficiency or excess) discharge (electron flow). Charge under two conditions are stable:
1 When it is "trapped in a" conductive but electrically insulated object, such as a metal with a plastic handle screwdriver. 2 when it is staying in an insulating surface (such as plastics), can not flow in the above.
However, if charged with a sufficiently high electrical insulation of the conductors (screwdriver) have opposite electric potential near the IC (IC), the charge "jumper", caused electrostatic discharge (ESD).
With high strength ESD occurs very rapidly, generally produce enough heat to melt the semiconductor chip's internal circuitry, the electron microscope look like bullet kid blow out, causing immediate and irreversible damage. More serious is that this harm is only one tenth of the situation bad enough to cause the entire test in the final component failure. The other 90% of cases, ESD damage caused only part of the downgrade - means that components can be damaged unaware through final testing, but only in the delivery to the customer site after premature failure. The result is the most damaged reputation of a manufacturer to correct any manufacturing defect where most of the consideration paid.
However, the main difficulty controlling ESD is that it is not visible, but can reach the point of damaging the electronic components. Produce can hear "tick" sound of the discharge requires considerable accumulation of approximately 2000 volts larger charge, whereas 3000 volts can feel like a small electric shock, 5,000 volts can see the sparks.
For example, as a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS, complementary metal oxide semiconductor) or electrical programmable read only memory (EPROM, electricall programmable read-only memory) of these common elements, SPI lcds respectively, and 100 is only 250 volts volts potential difference in ESD destruction, but more and more sensitive modern components, including the Pentium processor, as long as 5 volts can be destroyed.
The problem is caused by damage to the daily activities of the composite together. For example, from the factory floor through the vinyl on the floor surface and the friction between the shoes. The result is a pure charged object, accumulation of 3 to 2000 volts of charge depends on the local humidity of the air is quite.
Even workers stage formed by the natural movement of the friction can produce 400 to 6000 volts. If you open or packaging foam box or bubble bag PCB period, the workers have been processed insulator, Graphic LCD Display then the workers' accumulated net charge of the body surface can reach about 26,000 volts.
Therefore, as the main ESD damage sources all incoming ESD protection zone (EPA, electrostatic protected area) staff must be grounded to prevent any charge accumulation, and all surfaces should be grounded to maintain all things are in the same electric potential, to prevent ESD occurs.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the electronic circuit board assembly and damage to components of a familiar source of underestimation. It affects every manufacturer, without any of its size. While many people think they are in an ESD safe environment to produce products, but in fact, ESD-related damage continues to bring the world's electronics manufacturing industry costs billions of dollars each year.
What is ESD? Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is defined as, to or from the original has been static (fixed) charge (electron deficiency or excess) discharge (electron flow). Charge under two conditions are stable:
1 When it is "trapped in a" conductive but electrically insulated object, such as a metal with a plastic handle screwdriver. 2 when it is staying in an insulating surface (such as plastics), can not flow in the above.
However, if charged with a sufficiently high electrical insulation of the conductors (screwdriver) have opposite electric potential near the IC (IC), the charge "jumper", caused electrostatic discharge (ESD).
With high strength ESD occurs very rapidly, generally produce enough heat to melt the semiconductor chip's internal circuitry, the electron microscope look like bullet kid blow out, causing immediate and irreversible damage. More serious is that this harm is only one tenth of the situation bad enough to cause the entire test in the final component failure. The other 90% of cases, ESD damage caused only part of the downgrade - means that components can be damaged unaware through final testing, but only in the delivery to the customer site after premature failure. The result is the most damaged reputation of a manufacturer to correct any manufacturing defect where most of the consideration paid.
However, the main difficulty controlling ESD is that it is not visible, but can reach the point of damaging the electronic components. Produce can hear "tick" sound of the discharge requires considerable accumulation of approximately 2000 volts larger charge, whereas 3000 volts can feel like a small electric shock, 5,000 volts can see the sparks.
For example, as a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS, complementary metal oxide semiconductor) or electrical programmable read only memory (EPROM, electricall programmable read-only memory) of these common elements, SPI lcds respectively, and 100 is only 250 volts volts potential difference in ESD destruction, but more and more sensitive modern components, including the Pentium processor, as long as 5 volts can be destroyed.
The problem is caused by damage to the daily activities of the composite together. For example, from the factory floor through the vinyl on the floor surface and the friction between the shoes. The result is a pure charged object, accumulation of 3 to 2000 volts of charge depends on the local humidity of the air is quite.
Even workers stage formed by the natural movement of the friction can produce 400 to 6000 volts. If you open or packaging foam box or bubble bag PCB period, the workers have been processed insulator, Graphic LCD Display then the workers' accumulated net charge of the body surface can reach about 26,000 volts.
Therefore, as the main ESD damage sources all incoming ESD protection zone (EPA, electrostatic protected area) staff must be grounded to prevent any charge accumulation, and all surfaces should be grounded to maintain all things are in the same electric potential, to prevent ESD occurs.
Protection circuit parasitic inductance
TVS diodes in the path parasitic inductance in an ESD event will produce severe voltage overshoot.COG LCD Display Despite the use of TVS diodes, due to the induced voltage across the inductive load VL = L × di / dt, the high voltage overshoot protection IC may still exceed the voltage threshold for damage. The total protection circuit withstand voltage TVS diode clamp voltage and the voltage of the parasitic inductance and, VT = VC + VL. An ESD transient induced current time in less than 1ns able to reach the peak (in accordance with IEC 61000-4-2 standard), assuming the lead inductance per inch 20nH, line length is a quarter-inch, overshoot voltage is 50V / 10A pulses.
Experience design criterion is designed to be as short as possible shunt pathway, thereby reducing the parasitic inductance effects.
All paths must be considered inductive ground loops, TVS and the protected path between the signal line, and a connector to the TVS device path. Protected signal line should be connected directly to the ground, without a ground plane, the ground loop connections should be as short as possible. TVS diode protection circuit ground and the distance between the ground should be as short as possible to minimize parasitic inductance ground plane. Finally, TVS device should be placed as close as possible to minimize the connector into the adjacent line transient coupling.lcm module Although there is no direct path to the connector, but this secondary radiation effect will lead to other parts of the work board disorder.
Experience design criterion is designed to be as short as possible shunt pathway, thereby reducing the parasitic inductance effects.
All paths must be considered inductive ground loops, TVS and the protected path between the signal line, and a connector to the TVS device path. Protected signal line should be connected directly to the ground, without a ground plane, the ground loop connections should be as short as possible. TVS diode protection circuit ground and the distance between the ground should be as short as possible to minimize parasitic inductance ground plane. Finally, TVS device should be placed as close as possible to minimize the connector into the adjacent line transient coupling.lcm module Although there is no direct path to the connector, but this secondary radiation effect will lead to other parts of the work board disorder.
Clean clothes cleaning
1, clean clothes cleaning
Clean clothes are suitable for electronic, optical instruments, pharmaceuticals, microbial engineering, precision instruments and other industries have special clean overalls and antistatic properties, and its lining is usually embedded in a conductive wire woven synthetic fabrics.
Clean clothes management is the most important part of cleaning, even though the fiber itself is difficult to clean soiled fibers, but how to maintain an important factor, that is a cleaning method. If using ordinary washing method, of course contrary will be smudged. Therefore, a special method must be used. Clean overalls, from the management to consider, when the cleaning must be carried out in a clean room cleaning Jie slightly decorative packaging.
Normally clean overalls washed once a week at least, some of the types of jobs that require high even washed once a day.
In ordinary cleaning the room, will be attached to dust and bacteria, as well as contamination by the cleaning agent. In addition, the packing and handling process, there will be attached to dust and microbial hazards.
Clean overalls cleaning generally rely on the professional cleaning company to clean, its representation cleaning process see chart 1, in the clean room cleaning process should pay attention to the following:
(1) new sewing clothes can be directly washed clean,OLED Display and the recycling through the oil spill clean overalls, carefully remove the oil before washing procedures.
(2) To scrape before washing, damage and other accessories hasp inspect the defective for repair, replacement or retirement.
(3) must be used in clothes than clean room clean and high clean room cleaning, drying, packing.
(4) wet, dry cleaning water to be filtered, the solvent should be used after distillation point with less than 0.2μm pore size membrane, according to need more than one filter.
(5) In order to remove soluble contaminants, washed with water, and then the solvent was distilled for the final washing, remove the oily contaminants.
(6) Wet washing water temperature is as follows:
Polyester fabric 60-70C (maximum 70C)
Nylon 50-55C (maximum 60C)
(7) In the final rinse water permeability, the antistatic agent can be used to improve the anti-static properties,Serial Lcd Display Module but the choice of antistatic agent should be a good combination with the fiber, no dust off.
(8) with hasp overalls should be washed in engaging state.
(9) the washing dedicated clean air circulation system for drying.
After drying, the washing clean room dedicated folded, into a clean bag or nylon polyester, the double packaging on request, can also be vacuum plastic, packaging material is preferably a material with good anti-static. Since the folding process most prone to dust, thus folding process must be in a high level for the purification of space, such as the 100 clean overalls folded package should be carried out in the 10 environments.
Clean clothes are suitable for electronic, optical instruments, pharmaceuticals, microbial engineering, precision instruments and other industries have special clean overalls and antistatic properties, and its lining is usually embedded in a conductive wire woven synthetic fabrics.
Clean clothes management is the most important part of cleaning, even though the fiber itself is difficult to clean soiled fibers, but how to maintain an important factor, that is a cleaning method. If using ordinary washing method, of course contrary will be smudged. Therefore, a special method must be used. Clean overalls, from the management to consider, when the cleaning must be carried out in a clean room cleaning Jie slightly decorative packaging.
Normally clean overalls washed once a week at least, some of the types of jobs that require high even washed once a day.
In ordinary cleaning the room, will be attached to dust and bacteria, as well as contamination by the cleaning agent. In addition, the packing and handling process, there will be attached to dust and microbial hazards.
Clean overalls cleaning generally rely on the professional cleaning company to clean, its representation cleaning process see chart 1, in the clean room cleaning process should pay attention to the following:
(1) new sewing clothes can be directly washed clean,OLED Display and the recycling through the oil spill clean overalls, carefully remove the oil before washing procedures.
(2) To scrape before washing, damage and other accessories hasp inspect the defective for repair, replacement or retirement.
(3) must be used in clothes than clean room clean and high clean room cleaning, drying, packing.
(4) wet, dry cleaning water to be filtered, the solvent should be used after distillation point with less than 0.2μm pore size membrane, according to need more than one filter.
(5) In order to remove soluble contaminants, washed with water, and then the solvent was distilled for the final washing, remove the oily contaminants.
(6) Wet washing water temperature is as follows:
Polyester fabric 60-70C (maximum 70C)
Nylon 50-55C (maximum 60C)
(7) In the final rinse water permeability, the antistatic agent can be used to improve the anti-static properties,Serial Lcd Display Module but the choice of antistatic agent should be a good combination with the fiber, no dust off.
(8) with hasp overalls should be washed in engaging state.
(9) the washing dedicated clean air circulation system for drying.
After drying, the washing clean room dedicated folded, into a clean bag or nylon polyester, the double packaging on request, can also be vacuum plastic, packaging material is preferably a material with good anti-static. Since the folding process most prone to dust, thus folding process must be in a high level for the purification of space, such as the 100 clean overalls folded package should be carried out in the 10 environments.
Blue LED
A long period of time are unable to provide blue light emitting of the Lcd display modules . Design engineers can only use the existing colors: red, green and yellow. Early "blue" devices are not really blue LED, but surrounded by a blue incandescent light scattering material.
A few years ago, the use of pure silicon carbide (SiC) material developed the first "true blue" LED, but their light efficiency is very low. Next-generation devices using gallium nitride-based material, its luminous efficiency can reach several times the initial product. Current manufacturing blue LED epitaxial material is indium gallium nitride (InGaN). Emission wavelength range of 450nm to 470nm, indium gallium nitride GaN LED can produce five times the lcd module light intensity.
A few years ago, the use of pure silicon carbide (SiC) material developed the first "true blue" LED, but their light efficiency is very low. Next-generation devices using gallium nitride-based material, its luminous efficiency can reach several times the initial product. Current manufacturing blue LED epitaxial material is indium gallium nitride (InGaN). Emission wavelength range of 450nm to 470nm, indium gallium nitride GaN LED can produce five times the lcd module light intensity.
2013年8月13日星期二
High quality LCD Protector
Three types Protector features:
The first: the reflection prevention type.
Applies to all LCD digital products, outstanding performance as scratch, by the PDA, with the home, the price is cheaper. Paste antireflection effect type
The second: Transparent gloss type (using PET material)
PET surface specially treated, high light transmission, image effects after use to keep sharp, clear color, the use of the Character LCD Modules or LCD TV is ideal for indoor viewing. However, such protection stickers design does not take care of outdoor users, a higher degree of reflective materials, and easier to leave fingerprints on the surface and oil traces.
Third: Outdoor low reflection type
The only existing 98% transmittance and high functionality of both anti-reflective LCD protector, designed especially for outdoor light environment, the picture is clear and sharp apart, but also reduce 90% of ultraviolet rays, reduce eye damage. Such protectors designed specifically for digital cameras set up, the price is also the most expensive. The current global market for outdoor low-reflective LCD Protector Japanese products, only Japan Arvel latest ARM TFT Lcd Modulesprotective film series one kind, ARM LCD protective film series is also currently the only 100% of the Japanese market outside of Japan, fully mechanical process to produce LCD protective stickers, with Japanese manufacturers and Japanese Chamber of Industry proof.
On the current market price of the phone screen protective film price ranging from $ 1-60, and the quality varies, and even the general transparent tape (PP material) as a protective film, the buyer after the surface attached to the mobile phone LCD no surface is worn them a few days can not see the screen contents, simply can not protect the screen, even worse is that buyers want to replace the protective film, simply can not tear, only rub with a hard object, scraping with a razor blade, ranging from scratches surface, heavy damage to the LCD surface.
The first: the reflection prevention type.
Applies to all LCD digital products, outstanding performance as scratch, by the PDA, with the home, the price is cheaper. Paste antireflection effect type
The second: Transparent gloss type (using PET material)
PET surface specially treated, high light transmission, image effects after use to keep sharp, clear color, the use of the Character LCD Modules or LCD TV is ideal for indoor viewing. However, such protection stickers design does not take care of outdoor users, a higher degree of reflective materials, and easier to leave fingerprints on the surface and oil traces.
Third: Outdoor low reflection type
The only existing 98% transmittance and high functionality of both anti-reflective LCD protector, designed especially for outdoor light environment, the picture is clear and sharp apart, but also reduce 90% of ultraviolet rays, reduce eye damage. Such protectors designed specifically for digital cameras set up, the price is also the most expensive. The current global market for outdoor low-reflective LCD Protector Japanese products, only Japan Arvel latest ARM TFT Lcd Modulesprotective film series one kind, ARM LCD protective film series is also currently the only 100% of the Japanese market outside of Japan, fully mechanical process to produce LCD protective stickers, with Japanese manufacturers and Japanese Chamber of Industry proof.
On the current market price of the phone screen protective film price ranging from $ 1-60, and the quality varies, and even the general transparent tape (PP material) as a protective film, the buyer after the surface attached to the mobile phone LCD no surface is worn them a few days can not see the screen contents, simply can not protect the screen, even worse is that buyers want to replace the protective film, simply can not tear, only rub with a hard object, scraping with a razor blade, ranging from scratches surface, heavy damage to the LCD surface.
Full-color OLED display screen protection
OLED Module is an active light emitting element, the life will be limited, as the longer the work, its brightness will be reduced, generally half-decay period of about 10,000 hours. If a district is lit in a long time, while other places are dark; just full on, you will find significant blur, long shiny place previously will be darker. This is like the computer also has a CRT, the solution is to add the screen saver animation. For example when displaying the contents of the residence some time, they start the screen saver animation; those animations can be screen scrolling and animation.
Has a vertical scroll instruction, this instruction may change the first line on the screen corresponding to a single line of memory, such as changing the number of lines corresponding to the range from 0 to 63 can reach the vertical upward scroll; back over the lines, that is, the vertical scroll down. Horizontal scrolling may be more complex, the need to make some changes when writing data. If you need to move to the left of a cell, we first write data to the next frame. Just keep moving cell number, you can do horizontal scrolling.
Some simple animation can be used built-in image command dynamically generated, providing instruction are: line drawing, square body painting, regional copy brightness to reduce regional and regional deleted. These instructions are primarily to reduce processor load, in order to achieve some special effects. For example you can use line drawings command generates rotating cube.
OLED displays can display for breakthrough, rapid response, self-luminous, power, HD Resolution and very wide viewing angle, these features are not available in CSTN, and the interface circuit is the same, to switch from Character LCD Module OLED want to change few places. MP3 has very mature now, how can highlight their products; switch to a better display of the screen, can attract the attention of consumers.
Has a vertical scroll instruction, this instruction may change the first line on the screen corresponding to a single line of memory, such as changing the number of lines corresponding to the range from 0 to 63 can reach the vertical upward scroll; back over the lines, that is, the vertical scroll down. Horizontal scrolling may be more complex, the need to make some changes when writing data. If you need to move to the left of a cell, we first write data to the next frame. Just keep moving cell number, you can do horizontal scrolling.
Some simple animation can be used built-in image command dynamically generated, providing instruction are: line drawing, square body painting, regional copy brightness to reduce regional and regional deleted. These instructions are primarily to reduce processor load, in order to achieve some special effects. For example you can use line drawings command generates rotating cube.
OLED displays can display for breakthrough, rapid response, self-luminous, power, HD Resolution and very wide viewing angle, these features are not available in CSTN, and the interface circuit is the same, to switch from Character LCD Module OLED want to change few places. MP3 has very mature now, how can highlight their products; switch to a better display of the screen, can attract the attention of consumers.
2013年8月8日星期四
LT1943 works
T1943 is a highly integrated power supply IC, including four independent switching regulator. All four switches are used with a frequency foldback and the respective current-mode control oscillator, a block diagram of each switching power supply shown in Figure 2. Switching regulator includes a 2.4A buck regulator and current limiting. Switching regulator 2 is a step-up regulator, and has a 2.6A current limit. Switching regulator 3 and 4 are 0.35A boost regulator. 4 has two switching regulator feedback pin (FB4 and NFB4),Character LCD
Module able to directly adjust the output voltage positive or negative.
When power is applied to VIN, RUN-SS pin starts charging when the voltage reaches 0.8V, switch 1 is enabled. RUN-SS pin is used for soft start and can limit VLOGIC climb rate. In RUN-SS pin using a larger capacitor will cause VLOGIC start more slowly. Switching Regulator 2, 3 and 4 by the BIAS pin is driven, it is necessary together with VLOGIC. VLOGIC is the first entry, when it reaches 2.8V,, SS-234 pin will start to charge, to enable the switch 3 and 4. Then AVDD and VOFF will rise, climb rate depends on the SS-234 pin is connected to capacitor size. When AVDD reaches close to 90% of their time programmable voltage, PGOOD pin will retreat low. When all outputs are programmable voltage reaches 90% of their time, CT timer will trigger, 20uA current source begins charging the CT pin. When the CT pin reaches 1.1V, the output separation PNP open connection VON. When any of the four output a falls below 10% of nominal voltage, the protection circuit will drive plane CT pin to ground, stopping VON. This prevents VON TFT display withstand inrush current, the inrush current will cause the entire display is suddenly illuminated, which may damage the monitor.
Conclusion
No matter what kind of flat panel display technology will become dominant, a new era of flat panel display technology is bound to permeate all aspects of life. In the coming years, CRT TV market will be dominated, but their demise is inevitable. In the TFT 40x2 lcd display mainstream before it can continue 3-5 years, TFT LCD The main problem is to further reduce its manufacturing costs, but the power required for proper IC already in use. LT1943 is a recent example, it has a high level of integration, is currently on the market for TFT LCD compact and designers bring secure power solutions.
When power is applied to VIN, RUN-SS pin starts charging when the voltage reaches 0.8V, switch 1 is enabled. RUN-SS pin is used for soft start and can limit VLOGIC climb rate. In RUN-SS pin using a larger capacitor will cause VLOGIC start more slowly. Switching Regulator 2, 3 and 4 by the BIAS pin is driven, it is necessary together with VLOGIC. VLOGIC is the first entry, when it reaches 2.8V,, SS-234 pin will start to charge, to enable the switch 3 and 4. Then AVDD and VOFF will rise, climb rate depends on the SS-234 pin is connected to capacitor size. When AVDD reaches close to 90% of their time programmable voltage, PGOOD pin will retreat low. When all outputs are programmable voltage reaches 90% of their time, CT timer will trigger, 20uA current source begins charging the CT pin. When the CT pin reaches 1.1V, the output separation PNP open connection VON. When any of the four output a falls below 10% of nominal voltage, the protection circuit will drive plane CT pin to ground, stopping VON. This prevents VON TFT display withstand inrush current, the inrush current will cause the entire display is suddenly illuminated, which may damage the monitor.
Conclusion
No matter what kind of flat panel display technology will become dominant, a new era of flat panel display technology is bound to permeate all aspects of life. In the coming years, CRT TV market will be dominated, but their demise is inevitable. In the TFT 40x2 lcd display mainstream before it can continue 3-5 years, TFT LCD The main problem is to further reduce its manufacturing costs, but the power required for proper IC already in use. LT1943 is a recent example, it has a high level of integration, is currently on the market for TFT LCD compact and designers bring secure power solutions.
New IC simplifies design of large flat panel displays
Brief introduction
Flat panel displays everywhere. Whether in the home, office or shop in the terminal equipment, or even in the car, you can see the flat panel display. Flat panel displays of the most common application is the TV, especially greater than 22 inches (40 inches and tend to) a large flat TV. OLED Display Module In this area, old-fashioned cathode ray tube (CRT) technology is facing challenges of new technologies. One of the most noteworthy is the thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD) and plasma flat panel displays (PDP).
Of course, CRT due to its high resolution, wide range of gray and artifacts can be displayed without the motor ability and other characteristics, is still the leader in large-screen displays. However, non-CRT display properties, such as TFT LCD and PDP technology continues to progress in providing great convenience to users, they are slim, streamlined appearance, as well as lighter weight, so that you can hang on the wall. However, these new displays of the cost of production is very high, so the price is too high. However, TFT lcd module constantly improve performance in various areas: readability, response time, and the driving characteristics. In addition, many with large semiconductor manufacturing equipment companies are confident that through the use of existing production facilities, they can pay off the cost of production and therefore the cost of production will be significantly reduced. Currently, 32-inch and 40-inch TFT LCD display has been put into 54-inch display has sample presentation.
Flat panel displays everywhere. Whether in the home, office or shop in the terminal equipment, or even in the car, you can see the flat panel display. Flat panel displays of the most common application is the TV, especially greater than 22 inches (40 inches and tend to) a large flat TV. OLED Display Module In this area, old-fashioned cathode ray tube (CRT) technology is facing challenges of new technologies. One of the most noteworthy is the thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD) and plasma flat panel displays (PDP).
Of course, CRT due to its high resolution, wide range of gray and artifacts can be displayed without the motor ability and other characteristics, is still the leader in large-screen displays. However, non-CRT display properties, such as TFT LCD and PDP technology continues to progress in providing great convenience to users, they are slim, streamlined appearance, as well as lighter weight, so that you can hang on the wall. However, these new displays of the cost of production is very high, so the price is too high. However, TFT lcd module constantly improve performance in various areas: readability, response time, and the driving characteristics. In addition, many with large semiconductor manufacturing equipment companies are confident that through the use of existing production facilities, they can pay off the cost of production and therefore the cost of production will be significantly reduced. Currently, 32-inch and 40-inch TFT LCD display has been put into 54-inch display has sample presentation.
2013年8月7日星期三
Detailing includes Standard font Chinese LCD module
Because dot matrix LCD module with information-rich display (can display Chinese characters, characters, curves, graphics), low power consumption, small size, light weight, long life, does not produce electromagnetic radiation pollution, etc., so it is ideal SCM system a display device. In recent years, has been widely used microprocessor controlled intelligent instrumentation, industrial control, communications equipment and household appliances. Currently, the domestic in the SCM system for Chinese display, the lcd module using the following deficiencies exist.
① ROM occupies a large space. To graphically display Chinese characters, each character will occupy 32 bytes of ROM space, thus limiting the number of characters to display Chinese characters. This point smaller number of internal Flash memory of the microcontroller, particularly affected.
② The microcontroller hardware interface circuit complexity. In addition to this type of module used eight data lines, still need to use the chip select, register select, read / write select, enable control and other control lines, making for microcontroller hardware resource usage is more serious.
③ Interface Timing complex software programming complicated.
The use of Chinese graphic TFT Display Module is relatively simple hardware interface and simple user commands, designed for embedded systems shows large amount of information and information-rich display of all Chinese human-machine interface, LCD module to avoid the traditional Chinese graphical display of complex hardware interface design and software programming. The module is designed for embedded systems, human-machine interface provides a better solution.
① ROM occupies a large space. To graphically display Chinese characters, each character will occupy 32 bytes of ROM space, thus limiting the number of characters to display Chinese characters. This point smaller number of internal Flash memory of the microcontroller, particularly affected.
② The microcontroller hardware interface circuit complexity. In addition to this type of module used eight data lines, still need to use the chip select, register select, read / write select, enable control and other control lines, making for microcontroller hardware resource usage is more serious.
③ Interface Timing complex software programming complicated.
The use of Chinese graphic TFT Display Module is relatively simple hardware interface and simple user commands, designed for embedded systems shows large amount of information and information-rich display of all Chinese human-machine interface, LCD module to avoid the traditional Chinese graphical display of complex hardware interface design and software programming. The module is designed for embedded systems, human-machine interface provides a better solution.
The basic structure and function of FPGA
Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) emerged in the mid 1980s a new kind of user-programmable devices, programmable logic devices and general different, FPGA's high integration, logic implementation ability, better design flexibility. The basic structure of FPGA programmable resources typically contains three types: a programmable logic block (CLB), programmable input and output blocks and programmable interconnect. Programmable logic function blocks (CLB) is a realization of the user's base unit, they are typically arranged in an array of regularly, distributed throughout the chip; Programmable logic output block to complete the on-chip interface to the external packaging of the leg, often around the array arranged in around the chip; programmable interconnect includes various lengths and the number of programmable segment connecting the connection switches, they will each programmable logic block, input and output blocks are connected together to form a specific function of the circuit.
As a result of the different switching elements, FPGA reflect different programmable features, some of which are one-time programmable, others are reprogrammable.Graphic LCD Module One-time-programmable FPGA using inverse fuse as switching elements, when the program ends with a reverse voltage fuse, the fuse will reverse from high impedance to low impedance in order to achieve the connection between the two points. After programming, the operating voltage even if the removal of such FPGA configuration data is retained. Since only be programmed once, so it is more suitable for styling products and high-volume applications. In addition, lcm module it is also commonly used in high performance and confidentiality requirements of the occasion. Reprogrammable FPGA SRAM-type switch or flash EPROM controlled switching elements. SRAM-type switching element comprises a transistor composed of a RAM, and five called PIP (programmable internal connection point) of the transistor. PIP control of each cabling channel connections, PIP and by their next of RAM unit control. RAM cell is stored PIP-off information, which code is the system is powered by the external written to the internal RAM in FPGA. Power is cut off, RAM data will be lost, so the use of the FPGA SRAM-type switch is volatile, and each time re-power, FPGA should be restructured. Outstanding advantages of SRAM-based FPGA is programmed repeatedly, the system is powered on, the FPGA loading different configuration data, you can make it perform different hardware capabilities. This configuration changes can even be running in the system, dynamic reconfiguration of system functions.
As a result of the different switching elements, FPGA reflect different programmable features, some of which are one-time programmable, others are reprogrammable.Graphic LCD Module One-time-programmable FPGA using inverse fuse as switching elements, when the program ends with a reverse voltage fuse, the fuse will reverse from high impedance to low impedance in order to achieve the connection between the two points. After programming, the operating voltage even if the removal of such FPGA configuration data is retained. Since only be programmed once, so it is more suitable for styling products and high-volume applications. In addition, lcm module it is also commonly used in high performance and confidentiality requirements of the occasion. Reprogrammable FPGA SRAM-type switch or flash EPROM controlled switching elements. SRAM-type switching element comprises a transistor composed of a RAM, and five called PIP (programmable internal connection point) of the transistor. PIP control of each cabling channel connections, PIP and by their next of RAM unit control. RAM cell is stored PIP-off information, which code is the system is powered by the external written to the internal RAM in FPGA. Power is cut off, RAM data will be lost, so the use of the FPGA SRAM-type switch is volatile, and each time re-power, FPGA should be restructured. Outstanding advantages of SRAM-based FPGA is programmed repeatedly, the system is powered on, the FPGA loading different configuration data, you can make it perform different hardware capabilities. This configuration changes can even be running in the system, dynamic reconfiguration of system functions.
One kind of cursor display with an LCD drive control chip design
LCD monitors because of its small size, light weight, low voltage, low power consumption, with a very broad market prospects, including small and medium-size LCD STN LCD in the field of a large market share, has its unique advantages. STN LCD big screen can be used in notebook computers, word processors, etc. color, small STN LCD screens commonly used in cellular phones, PHS (Personal Handy System), pagers, etc. STN TFT LCD
Module controller chip requires a special driver more control properties, such as liquid crystal display device of the normal display, cursor blink and shift display. Depending on the size of the LCD driver and the number of the desired function, the drive control chip depending on the complexity, mainly in its internal RAM, ROM size, the complexity of the instruction decoding circuit, the internal timing and power circuits, External drives can be reflected in the number of rows and columns of the port, with the MPU interface functions.
This design of LCD drive control chip is a common character dot matrix Character LCD Modules controller IC. The size of the chip belongs to LSI, prepared with low-power CMOS technology. We designed the LCD drive control chip has the following main functions: ① the form of providing bus MPU interface; ② with complete logic control circuit and timing generator control various display functions. Character display format is 5 × 8 dot matrix (208 kinds), 5 × 11 dot matrix (32 kinds), there are three display: line 5 × 8 dot matrix, two lines of 5 × 8 dot matrix, line 5 × 11 dot matrix , with the cursor display function and display characters and cursor shift function; ③ management and control of RAM and ROM, MPU easy access, easy to store and provide the necessary display character; ④ to provide scanning LCD display timing signal COM and SEG display data transmission , the output drive signal 16COM × 40SEG, from the sheet by attaching drive display 80 characters; ⑤ provides a fully functional control instruction set, easy programming the MPU.
This design of LCD drive control chip is a common character dot matrix Character LCD Modules controller IC. The size of the chip belongs to LSI, prepared with low-power CMOS technology. We designed the LCD drive control chip has the following main functions: ① the form of providing bus MPU interface; ② with complete logic control circuit and timing generator control various display functions. Character display format is 5 × 8 dot matrix (208 kinds), 5 × 11 dot matrix (32 kinds), there are three display: line 5 × 8 dot matrix, two lines of 5 × 8 dot matrix, line 5 × 11 dot matrix , with the cursor display function and display characters and cursor shift function; ③ management and control of RAM and ROM, MPU easy access, easy to store and provide the necessary display character; ④ to provide scanning LCD display timing signal COM and SEG display data transmission , the output drive signal 16COM × 40SEG, from the sheet by attaching drive display 80 characters; ⑤ provides a fully functional control instruction set, easy programming the MPU.
Embedded system implementation principle of LCD driver
LCD (liquid crystal display) module to meet the increasing demands of embedded systems, it can display Chinese characters, characters and graphics, but also has low voltage, low power consumption, small size, light weight and slim, and many other advantages. As embedded systems more widely, more powerful functions, human-machine interface for the system requirements are also increasing, driven by the application needs a lot of work under Linux graphical interface software package development and porting work are related to the underlying LCD driver development issues. Therefore in embedded systems developers lcd module driver can be widely used.
A device driver is operating system kernel and te interface between the machine hardware, device drivers for the application shielding the details of the hardware, so that appears in the application, the hardware device is a device file, the application can be like ordinary file operations on hardware devices. A device driver is part of the kernel, it is mainly to complete the function are: the device initialization and release; transfer the data from the kernel to the hardware and the data is read from the hardware; read the application data sent to the device file, loopback application requested data and detecting errors and processing equipment.
Linux is the most basic equipment is divided into two categories: one is a character device, and the other is a block device. Character devices and block devices is the main difference: the right character device issue read / write requests, the actual hardware I / O generally ensued. Character device to a single byte units sequential read and write operations, typically do not use buffering techniques; block device is based on a fixed-size blocks of data storage and read-write, such as hard disk, floppy disk, etc., and use a system memory as a buffer areas. To improve efficiency, the system provides for block devices to read and write caching mechanism, as it involves buffer management, scheduling and synchronization problems, to implement much more complex than the character device. Character LCD Module is the way to be a character device access and management, Linux display driver seen the character device, the data to display a byte by byte sent an LCD driver.
Linux device and file system management is closely integrated, variety of devices in the form of documents stored in the / dev directory, called device files. Application can open, close, and read and write files of these devices to complete the operation of the device, just like the ordinary operation of the data files. In order to manage these devices, the system for devices numbered, each device number is divided into main and minor device numbers. The main equipment used to distinguish different types of equipment, and minor device number used to distinguish multiple devices of the same type. For commonly used equipment, Linux has the number of convention, such as the hard disk master device number is 3. Linux device files for all operating functions provides a unified interface method is to use the data structure struct file_operations. This data structure includes pointers to many operating functions, such as open (), close (), read () and write (), etc., but due to more types of peripherals, operating in different ways. Struct file_operations the members of the structure as a series of interface functions, such as for read / write read / write functions and is used to control the ioctl like. Open a file is to call this file file_operations the open operation. Different types of files have different file_operations member functions, such as ordinary disk data files, interface functions complete disk data block read and write operations; while for a variety of device files, you end up calling each driver I / O functions for specific equipment operation. Thus, applications do not have to consider the operation of the device or ordinary file, you can always as document processing, has a very clear and unified I / O interface. So file_operations is a file-level I / O interface.
A device driver is operating system kernel and te interface between the machine hardware, device drivers for the application shielding the details of the hardware, so that appears in the application, the hardware device is a device file, the application can be like ordinary file operations on hardware devices. A device driver is part of the kernel, it is mainly to complete the function are: the device initialization and release; transfer the data from the kernel to the hardware and the data is read from the hardware; read the application data sent to the device file, loopback application requested data and detecting errors and processing equipment.
Linux is the most basic equipment is divided into two categories: one is a character device, and the other is a block device. Character devices and block devices is the main difference: the right character device issue read / write requests, the actual hardware I / O generally ensued. Character device to a single byte units sequential read and write operations, typically do not use buffering techniques; block device is based on a fixed-size blocks of data storage and read-write, such as hard disk, floppy disk, etc., and use a system memory as a buffer areas. To improve efficiency, the system provides for block devices to read and write caching mechanism, as it involves buffer management, scheduling and synchronization problems, to implement much more complex than the character device. Character LCD Module is the way to be a character device access and management, Linux display driver seen the character device, the data to display a byte by byte sent an LCD driver.
Linux device and file system management is closely integrated, variety of devices in the form of documents stored in the / dev directory, called device files. Application can open, close, and read and write files of these devices to complete the operation of the device, just like the ordinary operation of the data files. In order to manage these devices, the system for devices numbered, each device number is divided into main and minor device numbers. The main equipment used to distinguish different types of equipment, and minor device number used to distinguish multiple devices of the same type. For commonly used equipment, Linux has the number of convention, such as the hard disk master device number is 3. Linux device files for all operating functions provides a unified interface method is to use the data structure struct file_operations. This data structure includes pointers to many operating functions, such as open (), close (), read () and write (), etc., but due to more types of peripherals, operating in different ways. Struct file_operations the members of the structure as a series of interface functions, such as for read / write read / write functions and is used to control the ioctl like. Open a file is to call this file file_operations the open operation. Different types of files have different file_operations member functions, such as ordinary disk data files, interface functions complete disk data block read and write operations; while for a variety of device files, you end up calling each driver I / O functions for specific equipment operation. Thus, applications do not have to consider the operation of the device or ordinary file, you can always as document processing, has a very clear and unified I / O interface. So file_operations is a file-level I / O interface.
2013年8月6日星期二
Development and Future of LCD monitors
TFT LCD has been successful in its behind each pixel is configured a transistor switch used as a control integration, so that the entire TFT LCD looks like a large-scale integrated circuits. Because pixel TFT LCD
Module must be made very small, the human eye can only see the picture, can not distinguish between pixels, so the production of TFT LCD technology is quite sophisticated. In the past, because the technology is not yet mature, a large TFT LCD which is inevitable that some nodes can not connect or error, leading to not show the correct pixel, these collectively, "pixel", including the common "red, blue, green dot" unable to control, "black and white point" can not be used and so on. Current high-precision technology has been sufficient to overcome the Serial Lcd
Display Module in the production process "pixel" probability, part of the "pixel" is also available through the "dark attunement" (The human eye is not sensitive to the dark pixel) to blanking.
Since the successful solution of TFT-LCD CRT shortcomings make the range plus the associated wide range! Meanwhile, there have been some unexpected problems, such as: the sun TFT LCD display is poor, need to rely on the hood or transmissive reflective design reduces the occurrence, in order to see clearly. In addition, also the use of special coating technology reduces background light leakage increases black screen, improve the contrast effect and can reduce the daily working environment bright glare.
Since the successful solution of TFT-LCD CRT shortcomings make the range plus the associated wide range! Meanwhile, there have been some unexpected problems, such as: the sun TFT LCD display is poor, need to rely on the hood or transmissive reflective design reduces the occurrence, in order to see clearly. In addition, also the use of special coating technology reduces background light leakage increases black screen, improve the contrast effect and can reduce the daily working environment bright glare.
LCM common lighting technology
Liquid crystal display device is a passive type display device, which itself does not light, the outside light is achieved by modulating display. Just outside liquid crystal display device for displaying prerequisite. Thus, the liquid crystal display assembly, in use, cleverly solved light,lcd module can ensure and improve the quality of the liquid crystal display, liquid crystal display lighting technique generally be divided into natural light and external light source is light technology techniques. Outer light settings, was there backlight, front light, and three types of projection light source technology. Here, we are more common backlight for a brief introduction. I. backlight lighting technology, two major tasks are:
1 in the presence or absence of the liquid crystal display device under the external light can be used;
(2) increase the brightness of the backlight, to improve the display effect.
Two Category:
Now commonly used back lighting, described by the following classification:
(1) Character LCD Module backlight
Features:
Long life,> 100,000 hours;
Brightness adjustment is simple;
Is a common backlight mode;
There are four different layouts can be suitable for different needs of lighting modules;
Other forms can be designed according to the customer's layout.
EL-electroluminescent
Features:
Can provide high brightness and uniform light;
Backlight thin, generally less than 1mm, so the whole thickness of the LCM little effect;
Under normal driving conditions, a high initial brightness, the brightness half-life of 5,000 ∽ 8,000 hours;
Standard color is blue - green, For other colors please TSINGTEK consult EL backlight;
EL backlight inverters need a special power supply, the input voltage of 5V, the next inverter attached to a special brief description;
You can consult for you to use TSINGTEK EL inverter.
1 in the presence or absence of the liquid crystal display device under the external light can be used;
(2) increase the brightness of the backlight, to improve the display effect.
Two Category:
Now commonly used back lighting, described by the following classification:
(1) Character LCD Module backlight
Features:
Long life,> 100,000 hours;
Brightness adjustment is simple;
Is a common backlight mode;
There are four different layouts can be suitable for different needs of lighting modules;
Other forms can be designed according to the customer's layout.
EL-electroluminescent
Features:
Can provide high brightness and uniform light;
Backlight thin, generally less than 1mm, so the whole thickness of the LCM little effect;
Under normal driving conditions, a high initial brightness, the brightness half-life of 5,000 ∽ 8,000 hours;
Standard color is blue - green, For other colors please TSINGTEK consult EL backlight;
EL backlight inverters need a special power supply, the input voltage of 5V, the next inverter attached to a special brief description;
You can consult for you to use TSINGTEK EL inverter.
2013年8月5日星期一
LCD lamp and other related arguments detailed
Since the LCD is a cross between between solid and liquid substances, so the LCD itself is not luminous, for technical, cost and design control and other considerations, it is impossible for every Character LCD
Module monitor LCD pixel is individually assigned a light, and therefore have internal lamp to illuminate the LCD panel. Is currently using more than two lamps designed that the upper and lower sides of the liquid crystal have a lamp, the liquid crystal is also the most common.
Now, with the technology continues to evolve, but also began to appear four and six lamp lamp design. In the four-lamp camp divided into two categories, one category is based on the original two lamps, the left and right of the screen each increased by a lamp, the lamp became four, more typical Mayan V500; while the other two are in the original lamp, based on a parallel increase in the upper and lower lamps, four parallel composition of the lamp, more typically Xunyi "Chun Jingjie" LCD.
We look at six lamp, in fact, six lamp design actually uses three lamps, manufacturers will have three tubes bent "U" shape, and then placed in parallel, so it looks like the six tubes in a similar The. Currently, the market-leading brands such as several LCD LG, Samsung, ViewSonic, Chun Jingjie mainstream products are produced with four lamp design, and six tubes of this design in the country currently only CHILI mini lcd module monitor in use.
That in the end what is good? We say no one is bad. Let me talk about two tubes, this technique is a relatively old, but it is also the most mature, followed by four lamps are developed out from two lamps. Some people think that two lamp brightness is uneven, in fact, this is not absolute. The top and bottom of each screen is a lamp, plus both optical devices can also be largely ensure uniform brightness, of course, the premise is better LCD workmanship.
From two out of the four lamp lamp design development, and its advantage is that the screen can be uniformly supplementary light, avoid screen gloomy existence of the phenomenon, but also can increase the expressiveness of color. In the viewing angle range, the naked eye longer feel differences in brightness. Six lamp allows more uniform brightness of the liquid crystal, it is very easy to understand. However, to be noted that the problem of heat lamps, six lamps are not only more than two out of the four lamp tube, and the two lamp more than a portion of the connection, so that the heat will cause the increase in . As we all know, the heat affects the life of the display, how to solve arising cooling, lamp life, low power consumption and other issues, which depends on the ability of manufacturers.
Now, with the technology continues to evolve, but also began to appear four and six lamp lamp design. In the four-lamp camp divided into two categories, one category is based on the original two lamps, the left and right of the screen each increased by a lamp, the lamp became four, more typical Mayan V500; while the other two are in the original lamp, based on a parallel increase in the upper and lower lamps, four parallel composition of the lamp, more typically Xunyi "Chun Jingjie" LCD.
We look at six lamp, in fact, six lamp design actually uses three lamps, manufacturers will have three tubes bent "U" shape, and then placed in parallel, so it looks like the six tubes in a similar The. Currently, the market-leading brands such as several LCD LG, Samsung, ViewSonic, Chun Jingjie mainstream products are produced with four lamp design, and six tubes of this design in the country currently only CHILI mini lcd module monitor in use.
That in the end what is good? We say no one is bad. Let me talk about two tubes, this technique is a relatively old, but it is also the most mature, followed by four lamps are developed out from two lamps. Some people think that two lamp brightness is uneven, in fact, this is not absolute. The top and bottom of each screen is a lamp, plus both optical devices can also be largely ensure uniform brightness, of course, the premise is better LCD workmanship.
From two out of the four lamp lamp design development, and its advantage is that the screen can be uniformly supplementary light, avoid screen gloomy existence of the phenomenon, but also can increase the expressiveness of color. In the viewing angle range, the naked eye longer feel differences in brightness. Six lamp allows more uniform brightness of the liquid crystal, it is very easy to understand. However, to be noted that the problem of heat lamps, six lamps are not only more than two out of the four lamp tube, and the two lamp more than a portion of the connection, so that the heat will cause the increase in . As we all know, the heat affects the life of the display, how to solve arising cooling, lamp life, low power consumption and other issues, which depends on the ability of manufacturers.
The working principle of the LCD screen imaging and benefits
LCD screen imaging works
LCD TV (LCD) LCD screen is made with a TV monitor. LCD TV screen over two million by the red, green, and blue liquid crystal light valves, liquid crystal light valve in the low voltage drive is activated, this time after the liquid crystal display backlight light beams emitted from the liquid crystal panel by produce 1024 × 768 dots (dot pitch of 0.297mm), high resolution images. Meanwhile, the advanced electronic control technology enables the liquid crystal light valve produced 16.77 million kinds of color change (green, red 256 × 256 × Blue 256), restore the true brightness, color degree, reproduce natural innocence of the screen. LCD imaging fundamentally changed the traditional TV with "OK" as the basis of the analog scanning to achieve a "point" based digital display technology. January 8, 2003 Konka launched a 42 inch Character LCD Modules.
The advantage of LCD TVs
LCD TV with the traditional CRT (CRT) TV has the following advantages:
⑴ image stabilization. Removing the field, line scan mode, thus avoiding the flickering scanning and instability brought;
⑵ lifelike images. Digital dot display mode, the screen geometry distortion zero. High brightness, high contrast, anti-reflective LCD screen, greatly increasing the transparency of the TV screen brightness and contrast. Reduce light reflection and scattering, you can see more bright, clear, fine picture;
⑶ eliminate radiation. Through the LCD screen using fluorescent imaging, the complete elimination of the CRT electron beam bombardment pressure accelerated radiation generated by the phosphor and electrostatic;
⑷ save space. Throw away a huge CRT and other components, so that the whole body thickness of no more than 6cm, thin enough to be attached to the wall, to save storage space.
⑸ save energy. The maximum power consumption of mini lcd module 35W, 70% energy than traditional TV.
⑹ prolong life. Its power supply is to use the power adapter into a 220V voltage 12V, the whole life of over 50,000 hours. Even one day open six hours, can also be used for 20 years or more.
LCD TV (LCD) LCD screen is made with a TV monitor. LCD TV screen over two million by the red, green, and blue liquid crystal light valves, liquid crystal light valve in the low voltage drive is activated, this time after the liquid crystal display backlight light beams emitted from the liquid crystal panel by produce 1024 × 768 dots (dot pitch of 0.297mm), high resolution images. Meanwhile, the advanced electronic control technology enables the liquid crystal light valve produced 16.77 million kinds of color change (green, red 256 × 256 × Blue 256), restore the true brightness, color degree, reproduce natural innocence of the screen. LCD imaging fundamentally changed the traditional TV with "OK" as the basis of the analog scanning to achieve a "point" based digital display technology. January 8, 2003 Konka launched a 42 inch Character LCD Modules.
The advantage of LCD TVs
LCD TV with the traditional CRT (CRT) TV has the following advantages:
⑴ image stabilization. Removing the field, line scan mode, thus avoiding the flickering scanning and instability brought;
⑵ lifelike images. Digital dot display mode, the screen geometry distortion zero. High brightness, high contrast, anti-reflective LCD screen, greatly increasing the transparency of the TV screen brightness and contrast. Reduce light reflection and scattering, you can see more bright, clear, fine picture;
⑶ eliminate radiation. Through the LCD screen using fluorescent imaging, the complete elimination of the CRT electron beam bombardment pressure accelerated radiation generated by the phosphor and electrostatic;
⑷ save space. Throw away a huge CRT and other components, so that the whole body thickness of no more than 6cm, thin enough to be attached to the wall, to save storage space.
⑸ save energy. The maximum power consumption of mini lcd module 35W, 70% energy than traditional TV.
⑹ prolong life. Its power supply is to use the power adapter into a 220V voltage 12V, the whole life of over 50,000 hours. Even one day open six hours, can also be used for 20 years or more.
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